atrial appendages การใช้

• The left atrium has an outpouching called the left atrial appendage.
• This flap, called the left atrial appendage, serves no biological purpose.
• The left atrial appendage can serve as an approach for mitral valve surgery.
• Left atrial appendage closure is an implant-based alternative to blood thinners.
• The TEE has much better visualization of the left atrial appendage than transthoracic echocardiography.
• The left atrial appendage can also be surgically amputated, maze procedure or during mitral valve surgery.
• Pectinate muscles make up the part of the wall in front of this, the right atrial appendage.
• High in the upper part of the left atrium is a muscular ear-shaped pouch  the left atrial appendage.
• More than 90 % of cases of thrombi associated with non-valvular atrial fibrillation evolve in the left atrial appendage.
• TTE in adults is also of limited use for the structures at the back of the heart, such as the left atrial appendage.
• Other devices exist to occlude the left atrial appendage from the inside of the heart such as the Wavecrest device and the Lariat device.
• The left atrial appendage can be seen on a standard posteroanterior x-ray, where the lower level of the left hilum becomes concave.
• In non-valvular AF, over 90 % of stroke-causing clots that come from the heart are formed in the left atrial appendage.
• The Amplatzer device from St . Jude Medical, used to close atrial septal defects, has also been used to occlude the left atrial appendage.
• The upper chamber receives the venous blood from both vena cavae and the lower chamber is in contact with the tricuspid valve and the right atrial appendage.
• In the left atrium, the pectinate muscles, fewer and smaller than in the right atrium, are confined to the inner surface of its atrial appendage.
• In adults, several structures can be evaluated and imaged better with the TEE, including the aorta, pulmonary artery, valves of the heart, both atria, atrial septum, left atrial appendage, and coronary arteries.
• Another device termed PLAATO ( percutaneous left atrial appendage transcatheter occlusion ) was the first LAA occlusion device, although it is no longer being developed by its manufacturer ( Appriva Medical, Inc . from Sunnyvale, CA ).
• Most of the internal surface of the right atrium is smooth, the depression of the fossa ovalis is medial, and the anterior surface has prominent ridges of pectinate muscles, which are also present in the right atrial appendage.
• In 1995, for example, the pacing leads that carry electrical pulses to patients'hearts were recalled by Telectronics Pacing Systems of Miami Lakes, Fla . According to the FDA's Dec . 28, 1994, recall notice : " The ` J'retention wires can fracture, protrude through the polyurethane insulation, through the right atrial appendage, and perforate the aorta ."